Which part of the brain is primarily associated with memory?

The cerebrum is primarily associated with memory as it encompasses several critical regions involved in the process of storing, retrieving, and processing information. Specifically, areas within the cerebrum, such as the temporal lobes, play a vital role in the formation of memory. The hippocampus, which is located in the medial temporal lobe of the cerebrum, is especially important for the formation of new memories and is essential for learning.

Additionally, the cerebrum is responsible for higher cognitive functions that include not only memory but also reasoning, problem-solving, and planning. This multifunctionality underscores the significance of the cerebrum in various aspects of cognition, setting it apart from the other brain regions listed.

The cerebellum, while crucial for coordination and balance, primarily does not have a direct role in memory functions. The brainstem is involved in regulating basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate, and the thalamus acts as a relay center for sensory information; neither is involved in the cognitive processes related to memory as prominently as the cerebrum is. Thus, the cerebrum's integral role in memory processes makes it the correct choice for this question.