What is the primary function of melanin in the skin?

Melanin plays a vital role in protecting the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It is a pigment produced by specialized cells called melanocytes, and it absorbs UV light, thereby reducing the risk of DNA damage that can lead to skin cancer. By increasing melanin production, the skin effectively darkens and creates a natural barrier against UV rays, which is why individuals with darker skin tones generally have a lower risk of sunburn and related skin conditions compared to those with lighter skin.

While moisture, healing, and temperature regulation are important for skin health, they are not the primary functions of melanin. Moisture is primarily maintained by lipids in the skin, healing involves various growth factors and the immune response, and temperature regulation is largely handled by sweat glands and blood flow rather than melanin. Thus, the protective role of melanin against UV radiation is its most critical function in maintaining skin integrity and preventing damage.