What characterizes alternating current?

Alternating current (AC) is characterized by its ability to periodically reverse direction. This means that the flow of electricity changes its polarity at regular intervals, which is a fundamental property of AC power. In contrast to direct current (DC), where the flow is constant and unidirectional, AC flows back and forth, creating a waveform that typically follows a sine wave pattern.

The periodic reversal in direction is essential for various applications, especially in power systems and audio signals. This property allows for more efficient power transmission over long distances, making it a preferred choice for electricity distribution in homes and industries. In summary, the defining feature of alternating current is that it alternates direction, which facilitates various electrical applications and technologies.